Alcohol

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Summary

TBD.

Studies and Reports

  • Lumey H et al, Alcohol use and prostate cancer in U.S. whites: no association in a confirmatory study, Prostate. 1;36(4):250-5, September 1998.
    • Conclusion. "Our failure to confirm the reported association agrees with the findings of most studies that, within a wide range of alcohol intake, there is no relation between alcohol consumption and prostate cancer. However, some studies suggest that alcoholics may have an increased prostate cancer risk. This needs further exploration."
  • Harris R et al., Studies of breast cancer and alcohol consumption, Prev Med. 17(6):676-82, November 1988.
    • Abstract. "Alcohol consumption as a potential risk factor for breast cancer was examined in a case-control study of 1,467 female breast cancer patients and 10,178 hospital controls. Lean females (Quetelet index less than 22) had elevated unadjusted odds ratios for breast cancer of 2.1, 1.7, and 1.4, associated with consuming less than 5, 5-15, and greater than 15 g of alcohol per day, respectively. However, this pattern is not consistent with a dose-response, and adjustment for a risk profile of confounding factors, including education and occupation (which are strong correlates of age at first pregnancy and parity), reduced these estimates to 1.4, 1.2, and 0.9; none of which differs significantly from 1.0. Among all subgroups, the odds ratios adjusted for pertinent confounders and interactions fluctuated randomly by about 0.9 and showed no consistent trend with increased alcohol consumption. In a second investigation, proportional breast cancer rates were estimated for female veterans diagnosed in Veterans Administration Hospitals during 1970-1982 using 1973-1977 rates for the general population as the standard of comparison. In the VA cohort of females, which had an approximate twofold higher prevalence of alcohol abuse and chronic cigarette smoking, the proportional rates of known alcohol and tobacco-related malignancies were significantly elevated but the rates of breast cancer were not. The standardized proportional morbidity rates of breast cancer for white, black, and all VA females were 0.92, 0.85, and 0.91, respectively. Although these results do not rule out weak associations between breast cancer and alcohol in certain subgroups, neither do they provide any compelling evidence that alcohol has a role in the genesis of this malignancy."
  • Harris R and Wynder E, Breast cancer and alcohol consumption. A study in weak associations, JAMA. 259(19):2867-71, May 20, 1988.
    • Abstract. "A total of 1467 cases of women with breast cancer and 10,178 sex- and age-matched hospital controls were examined for alcohol consumption and other potential risk factors. Effects of risk factors were assessed by odds ratios, and adjustment was made for confounding variables by using stratified analyses and logistic regression. Several factors were found to influence alcohol consumption, including age, religion, education, occupation, marital status, body mass, and cigarette smoking. Lean women (Quetelet index, less than 22) had elevated unadjusted odds ratios for breast cancer of 2.10, 1.71, and 1.41 associated with consuming less than 5, 5 to 15, and more than 15 g of alcohol per day, respectively. However, this pattern is not consistent with a dose response, and adjustment for a risk profile of confounding factors, including education and occupation (which are strong correlates of age at first pregnancy and parity), reduced these estimates to 1.40, 1.24, and 0.87, none of which differs significantly from 1.0. Among all subgroups, the odds ratios adjusted for pertinent confounders and interactions fluctuated randomly about 0.94 and showed no consistent trend with increasing alcohol consumption. While these results do not entirely rule out a weak association between breast cancer and alcohol in certain subgroups, neither do they provide compelling evidence that alcohol has a role in the genesis of this malignancy."
  • Kabat G et al., Beer consumption and rectal cancer, Int J Epidemiol. 15(4):494-501, December 1986.
    • Abstract. "The association of beer drinking with cancer of the rectum was investigated in a case-control study of 130 male and 88 female rectal cancer cases and 336 male and 249 female controls. Information was obtained on consumption of beer, wine, and hard liquor throughout adulthood (quantity and duration), as well as on smoking and sociodemographic characteristics. Beer intake was not significantly associated with estimated risk of rectal cancer in females but was in males, with an increasing gradient in the odds ratio (OR) with increasing beer consumption. For drinkers of 32 or more ounces of beer per day, the OR was 3.5 (95% CI 1.8-7.0). No association was seen with duration of beer drinking. Wine and hard liquor consumption showed no association with the development of rectal cancer. In multiple logistic regression analyses, the relative risk for beer drinking was reduced slightly when potential confounding variables were included in the model (RR adjusted for religion and education: 2.7, 95% CI 1.3-5.7). The study results are discussed in the light of other epidemiological studies of rectal cancer and beer drinking. We conclude from the aggregate evidence that the association of beer drinking with rectal cancer is probably not causal and that the slightly elevated OR's observed for males in this study are most likely due to incomplete control for confounding variables."

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