Smokeless tobacco

From

Summary

TBD.

Studies and Reports

• Rodu B and Cole P, Evidence against a gateway from smokeless tobacco use to smoking, Nicotine Tob Res. 2010 May;12(5):530-4. Epub 2010 Mar 24.
  • Conclusions. "ST use has played virtually no role in smoking initiation among White men and boys, the demographic groups among which ST use is most prevalent. There is evidence that, compared with cigarette initiators, ST initiators are significantly less likely to smoke. This suggests that ST may play a protective role."
• Lee P, Systematic review of the relation between smokeless tobacco and cancer in Europe and North America, BMC Med. 29;7:36, July 2009.
  • Conclusion. "An increased risk of oropharyngeal cancer is evident most clearly for past smokeless tobacco use in the USA, but not for Scandinavian snuff. Effects of smokeless tobacco use on other cancers are not clearly demonstrated. Risk from modern products is much less than for smoking."
  • Notable. "Of 142,205 smoking-related male US cancer deaths in 2005, 104,737 are smoking-attributable. Smokeless tobacco-attributable deaths would be 1,102 (1.1%) if as many used smokeless tobacco as had smoked, and 2,081 (2.0%) if everyone used smokeless tobacco."
• Rodu B and Cole P., Lung cancer mortality: comparing Sweden with other countries in the European Union, Scand J Public Health. 2009 Jul;37(5):481-6. Epub 2009 Jun 17.
  • Conclusion. "This study shows that snus use has had a profound effect on smoking prevalence and LCMRs among Swedish men. While it cannot be proven that snus would have the same effect in other EU countries, the potential reduction in smoking-attributable deaths is considerable."